ruby 命令详解

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

ruby 命令安装：

-bash/zsh: ruby command not found

# Windows (WSL2)
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install ruby

# Debian
apt-get install ruby

# Ubuntu
apt-get install ruby

# Alpine
apk add ruby

# Arch Linux
pacman -S ruby

# Kali Linux
apt-get install ruby

# CentOS
yum install ruby

# Fedora
dnf install ruby

# OS X
brew install ruby

# Raspbian
apt-get install ruby

# Dockerfile
dockerfile.run/ruby

# Docker
docker run cmd.cat/ruby ruby

ruby 命令补充说明：

Ruby 是一种解释型脚本语言，用于快速轻松地进行面向对象编程。它具有许多处理文本文件和执行系统管理任务（类似 Perl）的功能。它简单、直接且可扩展。

如果您想要一种易于进行面向对象编程的语言，或者您不喜欢 Perl 的丑陋，或者您喜欢 LISP 的概念，但不喜欢太多括号，那么 Ruby 或许是您的理想之选。

ruby 命令选项：

--copyright
  Prints the copyright notice.


--version
  Prints the version of Ruby interpreter.


-0[octal]
  (The digit ``zero''.)   Specifies  the  input  record  separator
  ("$/")  as an octal number. If no digit is given, the null char-
  acter is taken as the separator.  Other switches may follow  the
  digits.   -00  turns Ruby into paragraph mode.  -0777 makes Ruby
  read whole file at once as a single string  since  there  is  no
  legal character with that value.


-C directory

-X directory
  Causes Ruby to switch to the directory.


-E external[]:internal

--encoding external[]:internal
  Specifies the default value(s) for external encodings and inter-
  nal encoding. Values should be separated with colon (:).

  You can omit the one for  internal  encodings,  then  the  value
  ("Encoding.default_internal") will be nil.


--external-encoding=encoding

--internal-encoding=encoding
  Specify the default external or internal character encoding


-F pattern
  Specifies input field separator ("$;").


-I directory
  Used  to tell Ruby where to load the library scripts.  Directory
  path will be added to the load-path variable ("$:").


-K kcode
  Specifies KANJI  (Japanese)  encoding.  The  default  value  for
  script   encodings   ("__ENCODING__")   and  external  encodings
  ("Encoding.default_external") will be the specified one.   kcode
  can be one of

e      EUC-JP


s      Windows-31J (CP932)


u      UTF-8


n      ASCII-8BIT (BINARY)


-S     Makes  Ruby  use  the  PATH  environment  variable to search for
  script, unless its name begins with a slash.  This  is  used  to
  emulate  #!  on machines that don't support it, in the following
  manner:

  #! /usr/ruby/2.1/bin/ruby
  # This line makes the next one a comment in Ruby \
    exec /usr/ruby/2.1/bin/ruby -S $0 $*


-T[level=1]
  Turns on taint checks at the specified level (default 1).


-U     Sets  the  default  value  for   internal   encodings   ("Encod-
  ing.default_internal") to UTF-8.


-W[level=2]
  Turns  on  verbose  mode at the specified level without printing
  the version message at the beginning. The level can be;

0      Verbose mode is "silence". It sets the "$VERBOSE" to nil.


1      Verbose mode is "medium". It sets the "$VERBOSE" to false.


2 (default)
  Verbose mode is "verbose". It sets the "$VERBOSE" to true.  -W 2
  is same as -w


-a     Turns on auto-split mode when used with -n or -p.  In auto-split
  mode, Ruby executes
    $F = $_.split
  at beginning of each loop.


-c     Causes Ruby to check the syntax of the script and  exit  without
  executing. If there are no syntax errors, Ruby will print ``Syn-
  tax OK'' to the standard output.


-d

--debug
  Turns on debug mode.  "$DEBUG" will be set to true.


-e command
  Specifies script from command-line while  telling  Ruby  not  to
  search the rest of the arguments for a script file name.


-h

--help Prints a summary of the options.


-i extension
  Specifies  in-place-edit  mode.  The extension, if specified, is
  added to old file name to make a backup copy.  For example:

  % echo matz > /tmp/junk
  % cat /tmp/junk
  matz
  % ruby -p -i.bak -e '$_.upcase!' /tmp/junk
  % cat /tmp/junk
  MATZ
  % cat /tmp/junk.bak
  matz


-l     (The lowercase letter ``ell''.)  Enables  automatic  line-ending
  processing,  which  means  to  firstly  set "$\" to the value of
  "$/", and secondly chops every line read using chop!.


-n     Causes Ruby to assume the following  loop  around  your  script,
  which  makes  it  iterate over file name arguments somewhat like
  sed -n or awk.

  while gets
    ...
  end


-p     Acts mostly same as -n switch, but print the value  of  variable
  "$_" at the each end of the loop.  For example:

  % echo matz | ruby -p -e '$_.tr! "a-z", "A-Z"'
  MATZ


-r library
  Causes  Ruby  to  load  the library using require.  It is useful
  when using -n or -p.


-s     Enables some switch parsing for switches after script  name  but
  before  any  file name arguments (or before a --).  Any switches
  found there are removed from  ARGV  and  set  the  corresponding
  variable in the script.  For example:

  #! /usr/ruby/2.1/bin/ruby -s
  # prints "true" if invoked with `-xyz' switch.
  print "true\n" if $xyz

  On  some systems "$0" does not always contain the full pathname,
  so you need the -S switch to tell Ruby to search for the  script
  if  necessary  (to  handle  embedded spaces and such).  A better
  construct than "$*" would be ${1+"$@"}, but it does not work  if
  the script is being interpreted by csh(1).


-v     Enables verbose mode.  Ruby will print its version at the begin-
  ning and set the variable  "$VERBOSE"  to  true.   Some  methods
  print  extra  messages if this variable is true.  If this switch
  is given, and no other switches are present,  Ruby  quits  after
  printing its version.


-w     Enables  verbose  mode  without  printing version message at the
  beginning.  It sets the "$VERBOSE" variable to true.


-x[directory]
  Tells Ruby that the script is embedded in  a  message.   Leading
  garbage  will be discarded until the first line that starts with
  ``#!''  and  contains  the  string,  ``ruby''.   Any  meaningful
  switches  on  that  line will be applied.  The end of the script
  must be specified with  either  EOF,  "^D"  ("control-D"),  "^Z"
  ("control-Z"),  or  the reserved word __END__.  If the directory
  name is specified, Ruby will switch  to  that  directory  before
  executing script.


-y

--yydebug
  DO NOT USE.

  Turns on compiler debug mode.  Ruby will print a bunch of inter-
  nal state messages during compilation.  Only specify this switch
  you are going to debug the Ruby interpreter.


--disable-FEATURE

--enable-FEATURE
  Disables (or enables) the specified FEATURE .

--disable-gems

--enable-gems
  Disables (or enables) RubyGems libraries.  By default, Ruby will
  load the latest version of each installed gem. The Gem  constant
  is true if RubyGems is enabled, false if otherwise.


--disable-rubyopt

--enable-rubyopt
  Ignores  (or  considers)  the  RUBYOPT  environment variable. By
  default, Ruby considers the variable.


--disable-all

--enable-all
  Disables (or enables) all features.



--dump=target
  DO NOT USE.

  Prints the specified target.  target can be one of;

insns  disassembled instructions


  Only specify this switch if you are  going  to  debug  the  Ruby
  interpreter.


--verbose
  Enables  verbose  mode  without  printing version message at the
  beginning.  It sets the "$VERBOSE" variable to  true.   If  this
  switch  is  given, and no other switches are present, Ruby quits
  after printing its version.

ruby 命令实例：

执行 Ruby 脚本：

ruby script.rb

ruby 在命令行中执行单个 Ruby 命令：

ruby -e command

ruby 检查给定 Ruby 脚本的语法错误：

ruby -c script.rb

ruby 在当前目录的 8080 端口启动内置 HTTP 服务器：

ruby -run -e httpd

ruby 在本地执行 Ruby 二进制文件而不安装它所依赖的所需库：

ruby -I path/to/library_folder -r library_require_name path/to/bin_folder/bin_name

显示您正在使用的 Ruby 版本：

ruby -v

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ruby 命令评论